Academic Papers on Latency & Market Microstructure

Key research papers exploring how latency affects market outcomes.


Foundational Papers

The High-Frequency Trading Arms Race

Budish, Cramton, Shim (2015) - Quarterly Journal of Economics

Shows how speed competition creates socially wasteful arms race. Proposes frequent batch auctions as alternative.

Key finding: 1 microsecond advantage → $75,000/year profit for single symbol Mechanism: Queue priority capture


The Flash Crash: High-Frequency Trading in an Electronic Market

CFTC-SEC Report (2010)

Analysis of May 6, 2010 flash crash. Shows how latency differences amplified volatility.

Key finding: HFT withdrawal during stress → liquidity evaporation Mechanism: Adverse selection + inventory risk


Latency and Liquidity Risk

Brogaard, Hendershott, Riordan (2014)

Examines relationship between latency and liquidity provision.

Key finding: Lower latency → tighter spreads but also faster withdrawal during stress Mechanism: Inventory risk reduction


Crypto-Specific Research

Latency Arbitrage in Decentralized Exchanges

Qin, Zhou, Livshits, Gervais (2021)

First systematic study of MEV (maximal extractable value) in Ethereum DeFi.

Key finding: $540M+ extracted via latency arbitrage in 2 years Mechanism: Arbitrage capture via transaction ordering


High-Frequency Trading on Decentralized On-Chain Exchanges

Zhou, Qin, Gervais (2021)

Analyzes DEX trading patterns and latency effects.

Key finding: 13.5ms latency advantage enables profitable arbitrage Mechanism: Cross-venue arbitrage + MEV


Queue Priority & Market Design

The Race for Speed in High-Frequency Trading

Aquilina, Budish, O’Neill (2020)

UK market data showing queue priority races.

Key finding: Cancellation speed as important as submission speed Mechanism: Queue priority + adverse selection avoidance


To Add:

  • Hasbrouck papers on information propagation
  • Madhavan on market microstructure
  • Kyle’s lambda and information asymmetry
  • O’Hara on market structure evolution
  • Menkveld on HFT market making

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